What is the main component of quartz?
Quartz is one of the major rock-forming minerals, typically referring to low-temperature quartz (α-quartz), which is among the most widely distributed members of the quartz mineral group. In a broader sense, quartz also encompasses high-temperature quartz (β-quartz) and coesite, among others. Its primary constituent is SiO2; it is colorless and transparent, though it often contains minor impurities that render it translucent or opaque, with a hard texture.
Quartz is a mineral resource characterized by exceptional physical and chemical stability; it is an oxide mineral belonging to the trigonal crystal system. Quartz blocks, also known as silica, serve primarily as the raw material for producing quartz sand (also called silica sand), as well as for manufacturing quartz refractories and for smelting ferrosilicon.
Quartz is a mineral composed of silicon dioxide, with the chemical formula SiO₂. Pure quartz is colorless and transparent; however, it may exhibit various colors due to trace impurity ions, finely dispersed inclusions, or the presence of color centers, which also reduce its transparency. It displays a vitreous luster, with an oily luster on fracture surfaces. Its hardness is 7, it has no cleavage, and its fracture is conchoidal. Its specific gravity is 2.65, and it possesses piezoelectric properties.
Colorless, transparent quartz was called “krystallos” by the Greeks, meaning “pure white ice,” and they firmly believed that quartz was enduring, solid ice. In ancient China, it was thought that holding cold crystal in one’s mouth could quench thirst.
On October 27, 2017, the International Agency for Research on Cancer of the World Health Organization released a preliminary compilation of its list of carcinogens, which classifies crystalline silica dust in the form of quartz or cristobalite as a Group 1 carcinogen.
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